Virology
The Problem of Original Antigenic Sin
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey Once the innate immune system senses a never-seen-before pathogen as new, it engages elements of the adaptive immune response. These adaptive immunity elements coordinate over time to develop a response that protects from re-infection and disease upon a second exposure to the same pathogen. The second exposure will immediately lead to …
A Satellite Takes a Bite of Phage
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey Satellite viruses lack one or more of the elements needed to replicate, and thus they depend on co-infection with a helper virus that can provide the missing components. In a well-known example of a satellite-helper system, Hepatitis D virus requires the presence of its helper Hepatitis B virus to make copies …
A Nobel Discovery
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey On October 2nd, 2023, the Nobel Assembly at Karolinska Institutet announced the award of the 2023 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine to Katalin Karikó and Drew Weissman. The decision was based on a series of fundamental discoveries that led to the development of the COVID-19 messenger RNA (mRNA) vaccines. Katalin …
Viruses and Bats
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey Remember the series of flashbacks in the ending of the movie “Contagion,” which reveal where the virus originated and how the pandemic started? As a tree is cut down, a colony of bats flies out of the tree to seek new shelter. While in flight over a nearby farm, one of …
How the Viruses Within Us Protect Us From Other Viruses
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey Did you know that eight percent of the human genome consists of DNA sequences that are derived from retroviruses? These “endogenous retroviruses” (ERVs) represent concrete evidence for retroviral infections that occurred in our ancestors. Although ERVs have no viral activity, an accumulating body of evidence suggests that they are not entirely …
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Why Do Some Viruses Have a Seasonal Cycle?
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey Have you ever wondered why some viruses circulate primarily in the winter and others are more prevalent in the summer? Although we don’t have a clear answer to this question, a combination of factors is likely responsible. Work done in the field of respiratory viruses suggests that these viruses can …
David Tuller
Trial By Error: More on the Controversy over Invisible Illness
By David Tuller, DrPH Emily Mendenhall’s new book, Invisible Illness: A History from Hysteria to Long COVID, has caused a bit of an uproar in some circles. Mendenhall, a medical anthropologist at Georgetown University in Washington, D.C., covers a range of what she calls “complex chronic illnesses,” including ME/CFS, fibromyalgia, Lyme disease, and so on. …
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Trial By Error: Some Things I’ve Read Recently…Maryland Boosts LC Research, van der Zee on CBT, Thoughts on Hope and Chronic Illness
By David Tuller, DrPH My rib injury sidelined me for a month. Now that I’m mostly better, I’ve been trying to get back up to speed and catch up with lots of lots of reading (and some viewing). Here are a few items that caught my eye. Maryland seeks to boost Long COVID research, per …
Trial By Error: New Medical Anthropology Book on Chronic Illness Triggers Controversy
By David Tuller, DrPH While I was on medical leave for the last few weeks, the fascist regime’s brownshirts executed two people protesting the military occupation of Minneapolis. (It seems important to make that point before anything else.) Of course, other stuff has been happening too. In the domain of common interest here, a new …
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Trial By Error: An Essay on Living with Severe ME
By David Tuller, DrPH I’ve been totally out of commission for three weeks while recovering from bruised ribs sustained in a fall. I have devoted most of my time trying to find sitting and lying positions that did not cause excruciating pain. That part is over, and I’m slowly getting back to work and catching …
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Trial By Error: My Unexpected E-Mail Exchange with Alem Matthees
By David Tuller, DrPH In recent months, one of the most high-profile people with myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS)—Australian Alem Matthees—has reported significant improvement in his condition. He is still bed-bound, and is still not speaking. This is not, by any means, “recovery.” Nonetheless, the change in Alem’s ability to read, consume information and communicate …
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Trial By Error: Journal Publishes Confusing Section on “Enduring Symptoms”
By David Tuller, DrPH As part of its December issue, Future Healthcare Journal, sponsored by the UK’s Royal College of Physicians, has published a special section called “Challenging Myths: Debunking Functional Disorders.” The special section title itself creates confusion. In what way are functional disorders being “debunked”? I assume the idea is to debunk the …
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