Virology
Viruses and Bats
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey Remember the series of flashbacks in the ending of the movie “Contagion,” which reveal where the virus originated and how the pandemic started? As a tree is cut down, a colony of bats flies out of the tree to seek new shelter. While in flight over a nearby farm, one of …
How the Viruses Within Us Protect Us From Other Viruses
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey Did you know that eight percent of the human genome consists of DNA sequences that are derived from retroviruses? These “endogenous retroviruses” (ERVs) represent concrete evidence for retroviral infections that occurred in our ancestors. Although ERVs have no viral activity, an accumulating body of evidence suggests that they are not entirely …
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Why Do Some Viruses Have a Seasonal Cycle?
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey Have you ever wondered why some viruses circulate primarily in the winter and others are more prevalent in the summer? Although we don’t have a clear answer to this question, a combination of factors is likely responsible. Work done in the field of respiratory viruses suggests that these viruses can …
Why We Can’t Eradicate Polio
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey In 1988 the World Health Organization, Rotary International, UNICEF, and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention passed the initiative to eradicate polio globally by the year 2000. We are now 23 years past this deadline, and it is increasingly clear that this goal will likely never be achieved. Smallpox …
A Long-Awaited Vaccine
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey Almost sixty years have passed since the initial formalin-inactivated respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) vaccine caused enhanced disease in children when they were subsequently infected with the virus. Since then, RSV has continued to be a substantial public health threat to infants, young children, and older people. Although progress in developing a …
There Is Something to Be Gained From Gain of Function Experiments
By Gertrud U. Rey | | Basic virology, Gertrud Rey
by Gertrud U. Rey In recent years, the phrase “gain of function” and its abbreviation “GoF” have attained a sinister connotation that is coupled with a general mistrust toward scientists who engage in this type of experimentation. This public perception is grounded in a basic misunderstanding of what constitutes GoF and a lack of appreciation …
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David Tuller
Trial By Error: BMJ Publishes New Propaganda Piece on Severe ME/CFS
By David Tuller, DrPH Last week, The BMJ published a commissioned propaganda piece—er, “opinion”—written by confirmed members of the cognitive behavior therapy/graded exercise therapy/Lightning Process ideological brigades. The title: “Patients with severe ME/CFS need hope and expert multidisciplinary care.” It repeats all the usual blah blah, along with the unwarranted assertions and evidence-free arguments about …
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Trial By Error: Pushback on “Brief Outpatient Rehab” Trial for Long Covid from Norwegian Ideological Brigades
By David Tuller, DrPH I often find myself responding to crap studies–such as a Norwegian study called “Brief Outpatient Rehabilitation Program for Post–COVID-19 Condition: A Randomized Clinical Trial,” from Nerli et al., published last December by JAMA Network Open. The senior author was Professor Vegard Wyller, the dean of the Norwegian wing of the CBT/GET/Lightning …
Trial By Error: A Letter Seeking a Correction in FMD Physiotherapy Paper
By David Tuller, DrPH I have recently written about a trial of an intervention for functional motor disorder (FMD) that had null results for its primary outcome—physical function as rated by the SF-36. The study–“Specialist Physiotherapy for functional motor disorder in England and Scotland (Physio4FMD): a pragmatic, multicentre, phase 3 randomised controlled trial,” published by …
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Trial By Error: When Primary Outcomes Yield Null Results in Clinical Trials, FND Experts Prefer Their Secondary Outcomes
By David Tuller, DrPH In 2020, the CODES study of cognitive behavior therapy (CBT) for psychogenic non-epileptic seizures, also known as dissociative seizures, reported null findings for its primary outcome—the number of seizures per month one year after the start of therapy. This was a disappointing result for an ambitious effort to seek an effective …
Trial By Error: Australian GPs Keep Promoting Exercise Treatments for ME/CFS
By David Tuller, DrPH When it comes to treatments for ME/CFS, the Royal Australian College of General Practitioners (RACGP) has long endorsed the graded exercise therapy (GET)/cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) approach. Last April, the organization published an “updated” article in its Handbook of Non-Drug Interventions (HANDI) advocating “incremental physical activity” for what it called CFS/ME. …
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Trial By Error: Andrew Ewing & David Joffe on Just-Published “Global Expert Consensus” on Long Covid
By David Tuller, DrPH *This is a crowdfunding period at University of California, Berkeley. If you appreciate my work and would like to make a donation (tax-deductible to US taxpayers) to the university in support of my position, here’s the link: https://crowdfund.berkeley.edu/project/46120 Last week, the journal Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials published the results of …