Comments on: Influenza virus growth in eggs

By: me

me — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 17:44:00 +0000

I find it AMAZING that no one on this board (that I’ve read thus far) is questioning the method much less the practice of manufactured vaccines. Non vaccinated people I know are FAR healthier than the vaccinated I know. Yes, this is not necessarily scientific evidence created in a lab but does it make the fact any less true? NO. I refuse to vaccinate my children and it has turned out to be the BEST decision I have ever made. Why don’t you people educate yourselves intsead of allowing multi billion dollar companies and their cronies do it for you?
Bill Gates has said that vaccines are great for CONTROLLING the population. Veterinarians ADMIT OPENLY that some of their vaccines (i.e.rabies) can cause cancer (fibrosarcoma) in animals and look at all the autoimmune disorders in animals and humans (even children). Say it as much as you want but these diseases and chronic illnesses were NOT common in the past and are on the rise for us in the future because you can’t fight fire with fire or should I say you can’t fight disease with disease (unless it is acquired naturally which is the ONLY way to acquire LIFELONG immunity). For an even more obvious example, take a look at indigenous people around the world who are never afflicted with the diseases “civilized” cultures are. Case in point: “Nutrition and physical degeneration” by Weston Price. While this book focuses mainly on diet as a natural immunity to what is now considered common diseases, consider that vaccines were also used at this time and that furthermore, the indigenous did not use these “life saving” vaccines. As Dr. Tenpenny says: “Health does not come through a needle.” I could go on and on but do your own research. This country is a poor example for health to say the least. We come in 49 on infant mortality rate among nations. This is up from years past…so we are actually getting worse…please use your heads. I’m only saying this because I care about the children, the innocent children being posioned by their brainwashed parents.

By: me

me — Sat, 04 Feb 2012 17:07:00 +0000

I think she figured that out 2 years ago dimwad.

By: Himu907

Himu907 — Sun, 25 Dec 2011 16:01:00 +0000

What about the infection period of different virus?and on which factor incubation time depends?

By: shobha

shobha — Tue, 20 Dec 2011 13:48:00 +0000

thank u for ur infermation

By: Roshni

Roshni — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 22:17:00 +0000

Thank you! Also, is there a limit to how much virus a cell can produce? In the sense, by prolonging apoptosis or by knocking down certain genes (IFN related) that play a role in antiviral pathways, would they be able to increase the yield? Depending on the host and the strain of virus, the infectivity and virus production will be different, but say for instance a cell produces 1000 virions, is that the limit of the cell or can it roduce upto 2000 virions ?

By: profvrr

profvrr — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 21:43:00 +0000

Many viruses replicate in eggs that do not replicate in birds. Influenza B is one of them. Viral replication in the animal from which cells are derived is not necessary for the cells to be susceptible to infection. For example, human influenza A viruses replicate in dog kidney cells but not in dog kidney. Poliovirus replicates in monkey cell kidney culture but not in monkey kidney.

By: Roshni

Roshni — Tue, 13 Dec 2011 21:33:00 +0000

Influenza B is one of the viruses in the trivalent vaccine and it does not infect birds. So then how does it infect chicken eggs?

By: Wael99992001

Wael99992001 — Tue, 01 Nov 2011 18:34:00 +0000

i work in a vaccine production center in jordan i and i rebeat i inoculate 3800 eggs today with ndv -b1 virus is that a big number ? . with some training the proceses comes easier .

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By: Dmack5347

Dmack5347 — Sat, 08 Oct 2011 14:39:00 +0000

How is sterilityof the eggs achived?

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By: Rohannarayanm

Rohannarayanm — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 11:47:00 +0000

they say the ostrich egg is the worlds largest cell. But them wen there are so many cells which make up the CAM, how can it be called a single cell?
even if its an unfertilized egg, the whole egg is nothin but one huge cell?

By: Rohannarayanm

Rohannarayanm — Wed, 20 Jul 2011 11:34:00 +0000

i think he mentionedUNUSED eggs?

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Tue, 19 Jul 2011 15:56:29 +0000

[...] lectures on influenza, we were given the opportunity to grade histological slides as well as grow virus in chicken eggs. I personally enjoyed the way we learned because the design of the course created a very [...]

By: profvrr

profvrr — Tue, 28 Jun 2011 15:17:00 +0000

Look at the image of the embryonated egg in this post – only that form
contains the various cell sheets (such as the chorioallantoic membrane) in
which the virus replicates. Such cells are not present in the unfertilized
egg.

By: Byiringiro christophe

Byiringiro christophe — Mon, 27 Jun 2011 18:32:00 +0000

why u use embryonic egg not normal egg

By: profvrr

profvrr — Thu, 21 Apr 2011 19:40:00 +0000

Virus injected into eggs doesn’t have to be purified – it can be from
another egg, or also produced in cell culture.

By: ema

ema — Thu, 21 Apr 2011 19:28:00 +0000

How do you make the (purified?) virus to inject into the eggs?

By: Chris

Chris — Wed, 20 Apr 2011 05:11:00 +0000

Can we do cell based influenza diagnostic test for avian influenza?

By: Chris

Chris — Wed, 20 Apr 2011 04:58:00 +0000

Yes, but one will mask /out growth the other one

By: Ash

Ash — Fri, 15 Apr 2011 14:59:00 +0000

well… you may hear several “cracks” as the chicks necks are broken. As the chicks get older, the defects of inbreeding the bloodlines becomes quite apparent. Nothing too major, a manky foot or turned beaks, but with companies using upwards of 400 000 eggs per day, it’s difficult to re-home these chicks

By: profvrr

profvrr — Wed, 13 Apr 2011 19:11:00 +0000

Yes, some rhabdoviruses will replicate in eggs. Depends on the strain.

By: Makne

Makne — Tue, 12 Apr 2011 11:32:00 +0000

Hi, do you know if rhadovirus strains can growth in eggs?

By: profvrr

profvrr — Fri, 11 Mar 2011 17:50:00 +0000

Yes, there are other methods for growing viruses, but for influenza
vaccine, eggs is the most efficient. However, cell-based influenza
vaccines are moving forward, and it is likely that these will replace
egg produced vaccines in the near future.

By: James_laten26

James_laten26 — Sat, 05 Mar 2011 02:19:00 +0000

are there any method in laboratories where lab scientist could do instead of using those egg…?? using hundred of egg in a day its crazy actually.. instead your going to eat that or give to those people who need more good cholesterol’s….

By: Doan Thuy

Doan Thuy — Tue, 22 Feb 2011 08:59:00 +0000

please give me the name of the lights used for propagation of influenza viruses in chicken eggs

By: profvrr

profvrr — Tue, 04 Jan 2011 16:28:00 +0000

Avian influenza viruses replicate in embryonated chicken eggs. Highly
pathogenic strains (eg H5N1) kill the embryos before viral yield is
high enough for vaccine production; this problem was overcome by
deleting the polybasic HA cleavage site and reassorting with genes
from the A/PR/8/34 strain.

By: nermeen

nermeen — Fri, 24 Dec 2010 19:48:00 +0000

what result of inoculation on egg by avian flu?

By: Cyanpku

Cyanpku — Tue, 07 Dec 2010 01:23:00 +0000

what happened to those unexpected chicks after being caught?

By: Eflesch

Eflesch — Tue, 27 Jul 2010 02:46:50 +0000

Can you inoculate an embryonated egg with 2 different viruses at one time?

By: Kamalanadhan Ravivarma

Kamalanadhan Ravivarma — Mon, 19 Jul 2010 12:12:00 +0000

This is for good article for all reserchers, Thank you for virology blog

By: ErikCarter

ErikCarter — Wed, 14 Jul 2010 16:50:53 +0000

Is it possible to grow the cells that line the chorioallentoic membrane in a large “bioreactor” vat (I don't know the correct term). It seems like it would be easier than harvesting all the eggs and dealing with the chicks if eggs are left for too long as you mentioned. All you would need is some nutrient broth (?bovine serum albumin?) to maintain the cells.

(The fact that this method isn't routinely employed implies that there is an issue with it. So really what I'm asking is what makes this method insufficient to produce virus?)

By: maramakrishnan

maramakrishnan — Wed, 31 Mar 2010 01:33:54 +0000

Yes. Different ages of embryonated eggs were used for cultivation of various viruses. Based on the route of inoculation (for effective viral growth/receptors in different location) different ages of embryonated eggs are used. For example, for the grow of Bluetongue virus (Reoviridae; causing disease in sheep), the route of inoculation is intravenous (IV) and 13 days eggs used for inoculation (in 13 days we can see a clear vein and easy to inoculate)

By: scucic

scucic — Wed, 31 Mar 2010 00:35:45 +0000

Are chicken embryos of different age used for cultivation of different viruses? For example, 10-day old chicken embryos used for, say, NDV and FPV? If so, why?

By: maramakrishnan

maramakrishnan — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 18:33:54 +0000

By: scucic

scucic — Tue, 30 Mar 2010 17:35:45 +0000

Are chicken embryos of different age used for cultivation of different viruses? For example, 10-day old chicken embryos used for, say, NDV and FPV? If so, why?

By: swapnil

swapnil — Sun, 24 Jan 2010 09:30:22 +0000

Can we cultivate entero viruses in egg embryo

By: M. A. Ramakrishnan,

M. A. Ramakrishnan, — Wed, 23 Dec 2009 18:01:38 +0000

Nice description Dr Vincent. When I was in my PhD , we used lot of eggs for virus isolation (Bluetongue) through intra-venous route and we followed few simple procedure to save time and avoid some hazard.
1. insert a small pin in to the rubber cork and use it for piercing egg shell and memrane. This is very simple and we can avoid egg shell powder due to Dremel motorized tool or similar tool.
2. Use cellophane tape (Scotch tape) instead of paraffin wax.

M. A. Ramakrishnan, University of Minnesota (rama@umn.edu)

By: profvrr

profvrr — Thu, 17 Dec 2009 17:24:55 +0000

Not all strains of NDV kill the embryo, hence the virus yield can
vary. As for influenza, different strains vary in their ability to
multiply in the egg. Some field isolates replicate poorly or not at
all, some better. The yield of H5N1 strains is poor because of the
pathogenicity for the embryo. To produce a vaccine, reassortants with
the PR8 strain are produced which have only the HA and NA genes from
H5N1, and the other 6 from PR8, which grows very well in eggs.

By: Janarthan Rama Murti

Janarthan Rama Murti — Wed, 16 Dec 2009 14:57:40 +0000

Dear sir,
I have a few questions. Firstly, NDV is a highly virulent avian pathogen (depending on strain), how is it possible to obtain significant yield if the virus is propagated by inoculation into chicken embryo. Logically speaking, the chicken embryo suffers from the infection & will die before significant amount of virus is produced.
Secondly, are all strains of influenza virus capable of growing well in chicken embryo? What determines whether a field strain of influenza adapts to conditions in chicken embryo, in terms of viral genetic changes & techniques used to bring about this adaptation in field strains.
Thirdly, can strains of avian influenza (AI), especially HPAIs adapt to condition in chicken embryo? We expect the same situation as the NDV described above to occur. Then, how is propagation of these virus in large amount are possible for vaccine production?

By: profvrr

profvrr — Sun, 13 Dec 2009 00:14:28 +0000

Yes, I've seen that video as well. Not surprising that the process is
automated. But I agree with PP, there has to be a better way. Cell
culture grown vaccines are in the pipeline, but even better, in my
opinion, are influenza virus-like particles grown in plants. Twenty
thousand doses per square meter of plants, twenty cents a dose.

By: o.jeff

o.jeff — Sat, 12 Dec 2009 23:36:52 +0000

Re: Egg inoculation

Sanofi-Aventis appears to have developed a very high volume automatic inoculation system that is shown running in this video at over 32,000 eggs per hour according to the monitoring panel shown in the video.

http://www.cbsnews.com/video/watch/?id=5450993n

By: PP

PP — Sat, 12 Dec 2009 08:25:16 +0000

How come influenza vaccines haven't moved to cell-culture based growing? I had the idea it was in order anyway?

By: PP

PP — Sat, 12 Dec 2009 08:18:51 +0000

That makes a mind-boggling number of eggs, too. That's crazy.

By: profvrr

profvrr — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 14:18:46 +0000

Yes, the cells in different parts of the embryonated egg are
different, and serve as a host for only certain viruses. How this is
controlled is largely unknown.

By: profvrr

profvrr — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 14:16:50 +0000

I could do hundreds in a day. Probably someone well trained could do
at least a thousand a day. For up to a billion eggs worldwide, that is
a lot of time.

By: profvrr

profvrr — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 14:14:54 +0000

I would put one in my lab coat and walk around surprising people with
the sound. To answer your question: yes, depending on the viral
strain, it could replicate in chicks. But the chicks that hatched were
always from eggs that had not been inoculated with virus – unused
eggs. But even if the chicks had been infected, they were no dangerous
in terms of transmission than working with large volumes of virus in
the laboratory – where aerosol generation often occurs as the virus is
pipetted, centrifuged, etc.

By: Teeny

Teeny — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 14:03:26 +0000

The last paragraph made me laugh. Chasing hatchlings sounds more fun than catching drosophila though!

Out of curiousity, would the chicks have flu and would that dangerously transmissable to the staff?

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By: Bo Liang

Bo Liang — Fri, 11 Dec 2009 00:13:39 +0000

I am surprised that chicken egg cells are permissive for some viruses that do not seem to naturally infect avian! Also, it seems that different type of viruses should be inoculated at different locations.Why is that? Is it because of different tropism of these viruses?